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Remember that international adoption involves two components -- adoption and immigration.
The issue is not whether youi can ADOPT a child from India while on an H1B visa. You may be able to do so, although most foreign countries will not place a child with a family if that child will not be able to get a visa to enter the family's country of residence immediately.
The issue is whether the American government will allow you, a person without American citizenship, to bring an adopted child into the U.S. on an adoption visa. And the answer to that question is no, unless you happen to be the spouse of a U.S. citizen. That is a matter of law, set forth in the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act, and there is no way around it.
You can certainly give up your American visa, go home, adopt the child, and then reapply for a visa for you and your already adopted child to come to the U.S. But that is not a good option for most people who have come to the U.S. for work or for other reasons, especially since it could take several years.
Some non-citizens living in the U.S. have tried adopting a child overseas, having the child live with relatives in the same country for two years, and then applying to bring the child here. However, there is no guarantee that you would get a visa for the visa under those conditions, since you will never have actually lived with the child. And most foreign countries would not place a child with a family, knowing that the child would not actually live with that family for two years after the adoption.
Consult a reputable adoption/immigration attorney for more information, but I'm afraid that I cannot offer you much hope of success. The law is very clear on this matter.
Sharon