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Difference between revisions of "Adopting from Ethiopia"

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{{#eimage: http://stage.adoption.com/wp-content/themes/adoptionnew/images/landingpage_img2.gif |410x579px|thumb|'''!!TITLE!!'''<br />!!COMMENT!!}}
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{{#eimage:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/flags/large/et-lgflag.gif|410x579px|thumb|'''The official flag.'''<BR/>Source: cia.gov.}}
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=Ethiopia Adoption Alert=
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'''Notice: Indictments of Employees of International [[Adoption]] Guides, Inc. (February 11, 2014)'''
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{{#eimage:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/maps/et-map.gif|410x579px|thumb|'''Map.'''<BR/>Source: cia.gov.}}
  
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The U.S. Department of State is aware of the indictment of employees of International [[Adoption]] Guides, Inc. We understand many current and former clients of the agency, which currently has an active program only in Ethiopia, may have questions and concerns about how this affects the processing of their adoptions. We ask that families send their questions to the Office of Children's Issues through the email address: IAGadoptioncases@state.gov.
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{{#eimage:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/locator/afr/et_large_locator.gif|410x579px|thumb|'''Map.'''<BR/>Source: cia.gov.}}
  
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{{#eimage:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Semien_Mountains_13.jpg/800px-Semien_Mountains_13.jpg|410x579px|thumb|'''The Semien Mountains.'''<BR/>Source: Wikipedia.org.}}
  
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The Office of Children's Issues will post any additional information that we receive on [[adoption]].state.gov, and will arrange periodic calls with affected families. At this time, we have no indication that this issue will affect adoptions facilitated by any other U.S. [[Adoption Service Provider|adoption service provider]] operating in Ethiopia. Any questions related to adoptions from Ethiopia in general should be directed to AskCI@state.gov.
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{{#eimage:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bete_Giyorgis_03.jpg/465px-Bete_Giyorgis_03.jpg|410x579px|thumb|'''The Bete Giyorgis (Church of St. George), Lalibela, a UNESCO World Heritage site.'''<BR/>Source: Wikipedia.org.}}
  
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{{#eimage:http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5510/10387534363_05ecb60da3_b.jpg|410x579px|thumb|'''Local women in Turmi.'''<BR/>Source: flickr.com.}}
  
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'''Notice: PAIR Ethiopia Transition Notes: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions (December 6, 2013)'''
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{{#eimage:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/MosqueDireDawa.JPG/800px-MosqueDireDawa.JPG|410x579px|thumb|'''A mosque and tuk tuk in Dire Dawa, [[Ethiopia]].'''<BR/>Source: Wikipedia.org.}}
  
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This notice from the U.S. Department of State and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services is to provide information from the initial transition into the Pre-[[Adoption]] Immigration Review (PAIR) program in Ethiopia and address some frequently asked questions from prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] and [[adoption]] service providers.
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{{#eimage:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gondar_Fasiladas_Bath_Timket.jpg/656px-Gondar_Fasiladas_Bath_Timket.jpg|410x579px|thumb|'''Crowds gather at the Fasiladas' bath in Gondar, [[Ethiopia]], to celebrate Timket.'''<BR/>Source: Wikipedia.org.}}
  
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{{#eimage:http://farm7.staticflickr.com/6081/6058710203_7c7afd061c_b.jpg|410x579px|thumb|'''Ethiopian farmers children in the fields near Guzara Castle, Gondar region.'''<BR/>Source: flickr.com.}}
  
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On August 30, 2013, the Department of State published an [[adoption]] notice detailing the three categories of cases that would be considered to be pre-PAIR cases by the Ethiopian Ministry of Women, Children, and Youth Affairs (MOWCYA). These cases are not subject to the PAIR requirements. MOWCYA provided the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa a list of specific cases that are considered pre-PAIR. MOWCYA will require a PAIR letter from any case not on this list. If you are unsure if your case is considered pre-PAIR, you can contact the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa (consadoptionaddis@state.gov) or the Office of Children’s Issues (askCI@state.gov) to verify whether your case is subject to PAIR requirements.
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{{#eimage:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bete_Giyorgis_01.jpg/800px-Bete_Giyorgis_01.jpg|410x579px|thumb|'''Bete Giyorgis (Church of St. George), Lalibela.'''<BR/>Source: wikiedia.org.}}
  
  
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''FFIC Hearing Dates before the PAIR Determination''
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'''Notice: As of July 14, 2014, all individuals and agencies facilitating [[international]] adoptions must be in compliance with the Intercountry [[Universal Accreditation Act]].'''
  
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Cases submitted to the Federal First Instance Court (FFIC) after the September 1, 2013 implementation of the PAIR are subject to the PAIR requirements.  Some cases which were submitted shortly after the implementation date may have received preliminary court hearing dates, despite not having a PAIR letter. Families in this situation may wish to request a later hearing date from the FFIC or withdraw their petition to the FFIC until the PAIR process is completed. Because the FFIC accepts the filing, schedules a preliminary hearing, and then forwards the filing to MOWCYA in order to prepare the best interest recommendation for the preliminary hearing, the PAIR letter needs to be included with the FFIC filing in order to facilitate that process. It is our understanding that if MOWCYA receives a filing that is subject to the PAIR requirements but does not have a PAIR letter, they will present an unfavorable recommendation to the FFIC due to the lack of the PAIR letter. While the FFIC does have final discretion in the issuance of an [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]], it is our understanding they generally do not issue decrees over an unfavorable recommendation from MOWCYA.  
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The information contained on this website is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional legal advice. Always seek the advice of a licensed and qualified professional. While the content of this website is frequently updated, information changes rapidly and therefore, some information may be out of date, and/or contain inaccuracies, omissions or typographical errors.
  
  
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''Pre-PAIR Cases''
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=About Ethiopia=
  
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Families whose adoptions are confirmed as pre-PAIR cases but who have chosen to go through PAIR processing can do so without concern for the timing of the PAIR letter with relation to the court process. MOWCYA will not be looking for PAIR letters in these cases. Once the court process is complete and the PAIR letter is issued, these families should follow the instructions for PAIR filings on submitting the final decree to the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa. They should be sure to include the PAIR letter in this submission. PAIR letters for confirmed pre-PAIR cases will not need to be authenticated because these PAIR letters will not be submitted to any Ethiopian government offices.  
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Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936-41. To learn more please read [[About Ethiopia (The Country)]]. To learn about the Ethiopian anthem and its history, please read [[Ethiopian National Anthem]]. To learn more about Ethiopian facts please read [[Ethiopia Travel Fact Sheet]].
  
  
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''Order of Case Processing''
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=Ethiopia Adoption Alert=
  
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PAIR filings and resulting Form I-604 investigations will be processed as expeditiously as possible in the order they are received. As with all [[adoption]] related immigration processing, the timeframe for completion of PAIR processing varies greatly based on the circumstances of each case. Families adopting multiple children should note that PAIR processing may be completed sooner for some of the children than others. Families in this situation are encouraged to consider this timing issue carefully as they plan both their submission to the FFIC and subsequent travel for court hearings.  
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There are multiple [[adoption]] alerts for [[Ethiopia]]. To learn more about these alerts please read [[Ethiopia Adoption Alert]].
  
  
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''Authentication Fees''
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=Ethiopian Adoption Background=
  
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Families have requested information regarding the fees for authentication of the PAIR letter for use in Ethiopia. Instructions for requesting authentications from the Department of State can be found on the Office of Authentications webpage. The fee for authenticating PAIR letters is $8 per document (as of the notice date). Please consult the Authentications webpage for the most recent fee information. Instructions for requesting authentications from the Embassy of Ethiopia to the United States in [[Washington]], D.C. can be found on its website. The current service fee for authentications of U.S. documents for use in Ethiopia is $94.80 for U.S. citizens and other non-Ethiopian nationals. Please contact the Embassy of Ethiopia to the United States to confirm the latest fee information.
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In recent years, [[Ethiopia]] has become a popular country for [[International Adoption|international adoption]]. Between 1999 and 2013, Americans have [[adopted]] 14,084 children from [[Ethiopia]]. Beginning in March 2010, however, [[adoption]] numbers dropped off significantly as [[Ethiopia]] placed greater restrictions on [[adoption]] by foreigners.  To learn more, please read [[Ethiopian Adoption Background]].
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''Communication''
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If you would like the Department of State or USCIS to contact you by e-mail during PAIR processing, please provide your email address with your PAIR filing. Further, if you wish for either the Department of State or USCIS to communicate directly with your [[Adoption Service Provider|adoption service provider]] or agency, a privacy waiver must be submitted with your PAIR filing.
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=Hague Convention Information=
 
=Hague Convention Information=
  
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Ethiopia is not party to the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry [[Adoption]]([http://adoption.state.gov/hague_convention/overview.php Hague Adoption Convention]). Intercountry adoptions of children from non-Hague countries are processed in accordance with [http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&rgn=div5&view=text&node=8:1.0.1.2.8&idno=8#8:1.0.1.2.8.1.1.3 8 Code of Federal Regulations, Section  204.3] as it relates to orphans as defined under the [http://www.uscis.gov/iframe/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-101/0-0-0-434.html Immigration and Nationality Act, Section 101(b)(1)(F)].
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[[Ethiopia]] is not party to the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry [[Adoption]]([http://adoption.state.gov/hague_convention/overview.php Hague Adoption Convention]).   To learn more, please read about [[Ethiopia and the Hague Convention]].
  
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Ethiopia participates in a Pre-[[Adoption]] Immigration Review (PAIR) program.  The PAIR program requires prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] receive a preliminary determination on the child’s likely immigration eligibility prior to filing an [[adoption]] case with a court.  This preliminary determination, referred to as the PAIR process, provides the foreign courts and relevant government authorities with information regarding a child’s likely eligibility to immigrate to the United States before the court enters an order establishing a permanent legal relationship between the U.S. citizen parent(s) and the child.  The Ministry of Women Children and Youth Affairs (MOWCYA) will not issue an [[adoption]] approval letter to the Federal First Instance Court for entry of a final [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]] until MOWCYA has received a letter indicating that USCIS has completed a PAIR review.  To enable prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] adopting from Ethiopia to comply with Ethiopia’s new criterion, USCIS has issued a policy memo allowing prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] to file a Form [[I-600]], Petition to Classify [[Orphan]] as an Immediate Relative, before filing an [[adoption]] proceeding with Ethiopian courts.
 
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Following the receipt of a PAIR letter from USCIS and subsequent issuance of a foreign [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]], prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] must submit the foreign [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]] and the child’s travel and identity documents to the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa which will then complete the final review of their Form [[I-600]] and visa processing.  If the U.S. Embassy finds the case is not clearly approvable, it will return the case to USCIS for further action.  Prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] should pay special attention to the process described below as it differs from other non-Hague and Hague countries.  Beginning on September 1, 2013, the Ethiopian government will require a PAIR letter from USCIS in all U.S. [[adoption]] cases. 
 
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Media reports in recent years alleging direct recruitment of children from birth parents by [[adoption]] service providers or their employees remain a serious concern for the Department of State.  The U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa will continue its heightened scrutiny of [[adoption]] visa processing under the PAIR program.  The required Form I-604 investigation, Determination on Child for [[Adoption]] – sometimes referred to as the [[orphan]] investigation, will still occur, but at an earlier stage in the Ethiopian [[adoption]] process.  The U.S. Embassy will work with [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] and their [[Adoption Agency|adoption agency]] to ensure that each case is processed in the most expeditious manner possible in accordance laws and regulations.
 
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'''U.S. IMMIGRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTIONS'''
 
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To bring an adopted child to the United States from Ethiopia, you must meet eligibility and suitability requirements. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) determines who can adopt under U.S. immigration law. Additionally, a child must meet the definition of [[orphan]] under U.S. immigration law in order to be eligible to immigrate to the United States on an IR-3 or IR-4 immigrant visa.
 
  
 
=Who Can Adopt=
 
=Who Can Adopt=
  
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In addition to U.S. immigration requirements, you must also meet the following requirements in order to adopt a child from Ethiopia:
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In addition to U.S. immigration requirements, you must meet multiple requirements in order to [[adopt]] a child from [[Ethiopia]].  To learn about these requirements please read [[Who Can Adopt from Ethiopia]].
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==Residency==
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There are no residency requirements for prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]]. However, the Government of Ethiopia generally requires [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] to travel to Ethiopia prior to finalizing the [[adoption]] in Ethiopian court.  In practice, this results in most [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] making at least two trips to Ethiopia.
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==Age of Adopting Parents==
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The prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]] must be at least 25 years of age.  The maximum age limit for [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] is 65.  In addition to these age requirements, the Ethiopian Government has sometimes limited the age difference between the prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]] and the adopted child to no more than 40 years.
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==Marriage==
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While the Ethiopian Government has shown a preference for placing children with married couples who have been married for at least five years, unmarried women are eligible to adopt under Ethiopian law as of February 2013.  As the change in Ethiopian government policy regarding adoptions by unmarried women is new, [[adoption]] service providers in Ethiopia may still have different [[policies]] regarding whether or not they make referrals of adoptable children to unmarried women and under what circumstances.  The U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa urges [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] to contact their agency to clarify their current [[policies]].  In general, unmarried men are ineligible to adopt under Ethiopian law unless they are of Ethiopian descent and are adopting a family member.
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==Income==
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A prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]] must prove financial ability as determined by the Ethiopian courts, although there is no set minimum income requirement.  
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==Other==
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Ethiopian law prohibits [[adoption]] by gay and/or lesbian individuals or couples.
 
  
 
=Who Can Be Adopted=
 
=Who Can Be Adopted=
  
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In addition to U.S. immigration requirements, Ethiopia has specific requirements that a child must meet in order to be eligible for [[adoption]]:
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In addition to U.S. immigration requirements, [[Ethiopia]] has specific requirements that a child must meet in order to be eligible for [[adoption]].  To learn more please read [[Who Can Be Adopted from Ethiopia]].
  
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'''[[Relinquishment]]:'''  A [[relinquishment]] occurs between the biological parent(s) of the child and the [[orphanage]], and is certified by the appropriate local government office responsible for women’s and children’s issues.  The Contract of [[Adoption]] is signed between the child's [[Legal Guardian|legal guardian]], usually the [[orphanage]], and the [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] or their agency representative.  This contract is the basis for the issuance of the [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]], which shows that the [[guardian]] or the [[orphanage]] has relinquished their legal rights to the adopted child.  The contract must be taken to the Inland Revenue Administration office to be stamped.  There is a nominal fee of 5 Ethiopian birr for this service.  In general, except in inter-family adoptions, [[relinquishment]] by a living biological parent directly to a prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]] is not permitted under Ethiopian or U.S. law.
 
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'''[[Abandonment]]:'''  When a child is abandoned, by law s/he comes into the [[custody]] of the Government of Ethiopia. 
 
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Age of Adoptive Child:  A child must be under the age of 18 to be adopted under Ethiopian law.  Please keep in mind however that, in most cases, a child must be under the age of 16 to be eligible for immigration benefits under U.S. law unless s/he is the natural sibling of another child who was adopted by the same parents.
 
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'''Sibling Adoptions:'''  The Government of Ethiopia has demonstrated a preference for keeping sibling orphans together, if possible.
 
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'''[[Special Needs]] or Medical Conditions:'''  Biological parents who are unable to provide adequate medical care for their children, either because of [[Special Needs|special needs]], HIV/AIDS, or another medical condition, are permitted to relinquish their children under Ethiopian law, even if both parents are still alive.  When a child is found to have two HIV/AIDS-infected parents, or one living HIV/AIDS-infected parent, and the living parent(s) are unable to provide ongoing care for the child, the Government of Ethiopia sometimes classifies the child as an [[orphan]] and facilitates the placement of the child in institutional care.
 
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'''Waiting Period or [[Foster Care]]:'''  Typically, the Government of Ethiopia requires that a child be resident in an [[orphanage]] for three months before being adopted.
 
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'''''Caution:  Prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] should be aware that not all children in orphanages or children’s homes are adoptable.  In many countries, birth parents place their child(ren) temporarily in an [[orphanage]] or children’s home due to financial or other hardship, intending that the child return home when this becomes possible.  In such cases, the [[Birth Parent|birth parent]](s) have rarely relinquished their [[Parental Rights|parental rights]] or consented to their child(ren)’s [[adoption]].'''''
 
  
 
=How to Adopt=
 
=How to Adopt=
  
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==Adoption Authority==
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The process for adopting a child from [[Ethiopia]] generally includes the following steps:
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'''Ethiopia’s [[Adoption]] Authority'''
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The Children and Youth Affairs Office (CYAO) operating under the Ministry of Women's, Children’s, and Youth Affairs (MOWCYA) is the primary [[adoption]] authority in Ethiopia.
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==The Process==
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The process for adopting a child from Ethiopia generally includes the following steps:
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# Choose an [[Adoption Service Provider|adoption service provider]]
 
# Choose an [[Adoption Service Provider|adoption service provider]]
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# Apply to be found eligible to adopt
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# Apply to be found eligible to [[adopt]]
 
# Be matched with a child
 
# Be matched with a child
 
# File the Form [[I-600]] with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to initiate the Pre-[[Adoption]] Immigration Review prior to filing an [[adoption]] case with the courts
 
# File the Form [[I-600]] with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to initiate the Pre-[[Adoption]] Immigration Review prior to filing an [[adoption]] case with the courts
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# Adopt the child in Ethiopia
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# [[Adopt]] the child in [[Ethiopia]]
 
# Receive final approval of Form [[I-600]]  
 
# Receive final approval of Form [[I-600]]  
 
# Obtain a Visa and bring your child home
 
# Obtain a Visa and bring your child home
  
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To learn more about this process please read [[How to Adopt from Ethiopia]].
  
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'''1.  Choose an [[Adoption Service Provider]]'''
 
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The recommended first step in adopting a child from Ethiopia is to decide whether or not to use a licensed [[Adoption Service Provider|adoption service provider]] in the United States that can help you with your [[adoption]].  Please note that U.S. citizens adopting from Ethiopia are required by the Ethiopian government to use a U.S. [[Adoption Service Provider|adoption service provider]] that has been authorized by the Ethiopian Government to provide [[adoption]] services.  [[Adoption]] service providers must be licensed by the U.S. state in which they operate.  The Department of State provides information on [http://adoption.state.gov/adoption_process/how_to_adopt/agencies.php selecting an adoption service provider] on its website.
 
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Intercountry adoptions from Ethiopia are handled by the Children and Youth Affairs Office (CYAO), a part of the Ministry of Women's, Children’s, and Youth Affairs (MOWCYA).  There are currently more than 20 U.S.-based [[Adoption Agencies|adoption agencies]] authorized by the Ethiopian Government to provide [[adoption]] services for American [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]].  For a current list, contact MOWCYA (see Contacts section below) or the Ethiopian Embassy in [[Washington]], D.C.
 
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'''2.  Apply to be Found Eligible to Adopt'''
 
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In order to adopt a child from Ethiopia you will need to meet the requirements of the Government of Ethiopia and U.S. immigration law.  You must submit an application to be found eligible to adopt to the Ministry of Women, Children, and Youth Affairs, MOWCYA of Ethiopia.  This is also called the [[dossier]].  U.S. prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] resident outside Ethiopia may request pre-approval to adopt prior to receiving a match.  If not done prior to the match, the determination on the U.S. prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]](s) eligibility to adopt under Ethiopian law will be made by the MOWCYA at the time of the best interests review during the court process (see step 5 for more details).  U.S. prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] resident in Ethiopia seeking a private [[adoption]] are required to go through the pre-approval process before receiving a match.  The Embassy of Ethiopia in [[Washington]], D.C. provides a list of required documents for the application to adopt an Ethiopian child on their website.
 
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Prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] must take or send all of the required documents, certified and authenticated, to the Ethiopian Embassy in [[Washington]], D.C. for additional authentication.  Once it has completed its authentication, the Ethiopian Embassy returns the documents to the parents and the parents forward them to MOWCYA, Children and Youth Affairs Office (CYAO).  You can find their address in the Contacts section of this information sheet.
 
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MOWCYA reviews the documents for completeness and creates a [[dossier]] on the [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]](s).  The Claims and Authentication Section of the Protocol Office at the Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Addis Ababa authenticates the [[dossier]] and returns it to the Children and Youth Affairs Office (CYAO) for approval.
 
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'''Note on private adoptions:'''  In general, only U.S. citizens who currently reside in Ethiopia and have done so for two years are eligible to complete a private [[adoption]].  Most U.S. prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]], therefore, will be required to use a licensed [[Adoption Service Provider|adoption service provider]].
 
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'''Note on [[Relative Adoptions|relative adoptions]]:'''  Ethiopian-Americans who are adopting orphaned relatives do not have to come to Ethiopia to process their adoptions.  They can have a representative with a power of attorney represent them in court.  Married [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] need to make sure that both parents have given the representative a power of attorney so that both parents' names appear on the [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]].
 
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To meet U.S. immigration requirements, you may also file a Form [[I-600A]], [http://www.uscis.gov/i-600a Application for Advance Processing of an Orphan Petition] with U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to be found eligible and suitable to adopt.
 
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'''3.  Be Matched with a Child'''
 
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If you are eligible to adopt, and a child is available for intercountry [[adoption]], the central [[adoption]] authority or other authorized entity in Ethiopia will provide you with a referral.  Each family must decide for itself whether or not it will be able to meet the needs of and provide a permanent home for a particular child.  The child must be eligible to be adopted according to Ethiopia’s requirements, as described in the Who Can Be Adopted section.  The child must also meet the [http://www.uscis.gov/tools/glossary/orphan definition of orphan] under U.S. immigration law.
 
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At this time Ethiopian authorities publish in the local press a notice seeking any other claimants to the child, stating the child's name and the name of the prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]].  The notice advises that any parties opposed to the [[adoption]] must appear at MOWCYA by a certain date and time.
 
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Prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] have the option to either accept or refuse the referral.  Upon acceptance of the referral, a Contract of [[Adoption]] is signed by the child's [[Legal Guardian|legal guardian]], usually the [[orphanage]], and the [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] or the agency representative.  The contract is taken to the Inland Revenue Administration office to be stamped.  A nominal fee of 5 Ethiopian birr is charged.
 
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'''4.  File the Form [[I-600]] with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to initiate the Pre-[[Adoption]] Immigration Review prior to filing an [[adoption]] case with the courts'''
 
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Under the Pre-[[Adoption]] Immigration Review (PAIR) program, the U.S. prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]](s) files a Form [[I-600]], [http://www.uscis.gov/i-600 Petition to Classify Orphan as an Immediate Relative], with the National Benefits Center (NBC) prior to obtaining a final [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]] from the relevant court authority in Ethiopia.  After review of the Form [[I-600]] petition and completion of the Form I-604 investigation, NBC will make a preliminary determination on whether the child meets the definition of [[orphan]] under U.S. immigration law.  If the determination is favorable, NBC will issue a preliminary determination of immigration eligibility to the U.S. prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]](s) in the form of a USCIS PAIR letter.  If an unfavorable determination is made, NBC may issue a request for additional evidence or denial letter to the U.S. prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]](s).
 
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Beginning on September 1, 2013, the Ethiopian government will require a USCIS PAIR letter in all U.S. [[adoption]] cases filed with the Ethiopian Federal First Instance Court (FFIC).  Therefore, beginning on May 1, 2013, all new [[adoption]] cases filed with NBC must undergo a pre-[[adoption]] immigration review.
 
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To initiate the PAIR process, prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] should submit a completed Form I‑600 together with all available documentation listed in the Form [[I-600]] Instructions, minus an [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]] or grant of [[Legal Custody|legal custody]] to the USCIS National Benefits Center through the Dallas Lockbox.  All documents originally produced in a foreign language must be accompanied by a certified English translation.  In addition, the following PAIR-specific documentation must be submitted when the child’s country of origin is Ethiopia:
 
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::::1. Evidence of the match between petitioner and child such as: [[Adoption]] Contract between the Prospective [[Adoptive Parent]] (PAP) and the [[orphanage]], together with a power of attorney appointing the [[Adoption Service Provider]] (ASP) to represent the PAP, in cases where the contract is signed by the ASP on behalf of the PAP; or [[Adoption]] Contract between the PAP and relinquishing birth relative.
 
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::::2. Evidence of child’s availability for intercountry [[adoption]], such as: Court order from Regional, Zonal or Woreda authorities; Police report from local authorities, placing the child in the care of a licensed [[orphanage]]; or [[Adoption]] Contract between PAP and relinquishing birth relative, in cases of intra-family [[adoption]] only.
 
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In addition to the documentation required in the Form [[I-600]] instructions pertaining to evidence that the child is an [[orphan]] as defined in section 101(b)(1)(F) and 8 CFR 204.3(b), there may be Ethiopia specific documentation that can help establish the child’s [[orphan]] status.  Such documentation may include, but is not limited to:
 
−
 
−
::::::1. Child’s life history report;
 
−
::::::2. Police report documenting finding of abandoned child;
 
−
::::::3. Police reports documenting disappearance of [[Birth Parent|birth parent]](s), if applicable;
 
−
::::::4. Medical or Court order documenting [[Birth Parent|birth parent]](s)’ incapacitation or illness;
 
−
::::::5. Copies of [[Birth Parent|birth parent]](s) death certificate(s).
 
−
 
−
 
−
Please note that additional documents may be requested.
 
−
 
−
 
−
USCIS will forward its preliminary favorable determination, together with the prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]]’s file, to the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa.  USCIS will also forward the original preliminary determination letter to the prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] for their records.  Upon issuance of the PAIR letter, USCIS NBC will forward your petition to the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa for final adjudication following the completion of the Ethiopian court process.
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''5.  Adopt or Gain [[Legal Custody]] of Child in Ethiopia'''
 
−
 
−
The process for finalizing the [[adoption]] in Ethiopia generally includes the following:
 
−
 
−
 
−
After September 1, 2013, under PAIR, prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] will file a [[dossier]] with Ethiopia’s Federal First Instance Court (FFIC) to initiate the legal [[adoption]] process in Ethiopia.  This [[dossier]] will include documents related to the child’s background, such as the Life History document created by the [[orphanage]], along with the PAIR letter, the signed [[adoption]] contract, and information about the [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]]’ suitability to adopt.  As of February 2013, the court requires a filing fee of 25 Ethiopian birr to open a case.  The FFIC will forward the case to the Ministry of Women’s, Children’s, and Youth Affairs for its review, and will usually set a specific date by which the review must be completed.  MOWCYA will review the [[dossier]], along with the approved [[Home Study|home study]], and make a determination on whether the [[adoption]] is in the best interests of the child.  If it determines that the prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] are eligible under Ethiopian law and the [[adoption]] should move forward, the [[dossier]] will be sent back to the FFIC for a hearing.  Usually, if a child has been relinquished by living relatives, the court will hold a first hearing in order to obtain the relatives’ legal consent to the [[adoption]].  One to two weeks later, the court will schedule a hearing with the [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]].  In most cases, if the court approves the [[adoption]], full [[Legal Custody|legal custody]] is transferred to the [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] on the same day.  The [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] receive an [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]] from the court, which they can take back to MOWCYA for [[certification]].  Possession of the certified [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]] permits [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] or their agency’s representative to begin the process of applying for a new passport and birth certificate for the child.  Please see below for more information on these processes. 
 
−
Role of [[Adoption]] Authority:  The MOWCYA approves the [[dossier]] of the prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] and conducts a review of the best interests of the child, including whether a preliminary determination on the immigration eligibility of the child is favorable.  It makes a recommendation to the FFIC on whether the [[adoption]] should proceed.  The MOWCYA also certifies the final [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]] and provides letters of request for the issuance of amended birth certificates and passports for the adopted child.
 
−
 
−
 
−
*'''Role of the Court:'''  The FFIC accepts all petitions for intercountry [[adoption]] and forwards the [[dossier]] to the MOWCYA for the best interests review.  They review the adoptability of the child, ensure the process at the local level adhered to Ethiopian law, and make the final determination on the [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]].  The FFIC issues the final [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]].
 
−
*'''Role of [[Adoption Agencies]]:'''  ASPs facilitate the match of a child at a licensed Ethiopian [[orphanage]] and U.S. prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]](s).  ASPs also act on behalf of the prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]](s) in filing the [[dossier]] and petition with the FFIC. 
 
−
*'''[[Adoption]] Application:'''  The [[adoption]] application, also referred to as the [[dossier]], serves to evaluate the prospective [[Adoptive Parent|adoptive parent]](s)’ eligibility to adopt under Ethiopian law.  This step takes place during the MOWCYA review of the best interests of the child.
 
−
*'''Time Frame:'''  The time to complete the [[adoption]] will include approximately 12-14 weeks for the PAIR processing by USCIS following the match and approximately 6 weeks for the [[Adoption Petition|adoption petition]] to be finalized by the Government of Ethiopia.  Following the issuance of the [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]] in Ethiopia, an additional 4-6 weeks will be necessary for the Ethiopian passport application.
 
−
*'''[[Adoption]] Fees:'''  As of February 2013, the fees for the Ethiopian government portions of the [[adoption]] process total approximately $35 U.S. dollars, but must be paid in the local currency.  The fees charged are:
 
−
::::::::A. 5 Birr – Fee for Inland Revenue Authority stamp on [[adoption]] contract
 
−
::::::::B. 25 Birr – Fee for opening an [[adoption]] case with the Federal First Instance Court
 
−
::::::::C. 300 Birr – Fee for child’s Ethiopian birth certificate
 
−
::::::::D. 150-300 Birr – Fee for child’s Ethiopian passport
 
−
There may be additional fees charged by the U.S. [[Adoption Service Provider|adoption service provider]] (ASP) or Ethiopian legal counsel.  Prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] should seek information in writing, upfront of all fees their ASP or legal representative will charge throughout the process.  Many non-[[adoption]] related services, like lodging or transportation, for example, can be booked privately by prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] prior to traveling to Ethiopia.  Prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] are encouraged to research all of the options available to them, which will give them an idea of the price of various goods and services on the local market.  For prospective [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] with legal questions, Embassy Addis Ababa can provide a list of local attorneys with experience working with American Citizens, including some that specialize in adoptions.
 
−
*'''Documents Required:'''  Please refer to the Embassy of Ethiopia in [[Washington]], D.C. website for a list of requirements for the [[adoption]] [[dossier]].  '''NOTE:'''  Additional documents may be requested.
 
−
*'''Authentication of Documents:'''  You may be asked to provide proof that a document from the United States is authentic.  If so, the Department of State, Authentications Office may be able to assist.
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''6.  Receive final approval of your Form [[I-600]]'''
 
−
 
−
Under the PAIR program, your Form [[I-600]], Petition to Classify [[Orphan]] as an Adopted Child is not adjudicated until after your [[adoption]] is complete.  You need to submit the final [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]] issued by the FFIC and certified by MOWCYA, as well as the child’s identity and travel documents, to the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa in order to complete the processing of the Form [[I-600]] and receive a final determination on the immigration eligibility of your child.  The U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa will approve Form I-600s that are clearly approvable.
 
−
 
−
 
−
You will need to apply for several documents before you submit your decree:
 
−
 
−
 
−
::1. Birth Certificate
 
−
 
−
Once you have finalized the [[adoption]] in Ethiopia, you will need to apply for a new birth certificate for your child.  The names of the [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] will be listed on the new birth certificate.  In general, your child’s legal name in Ethiopia will be the child’s given name followed by the first and last names of the adoptive father (e.g. Habtamu John Smith).  When an adoptive mother is unmarried, the child’s name will follow the same pattern using the new mother’s name. Once the [[adoption]] is complete, MOWCYA prepares a request to the City of Addis Ababa for the issuance of a new birth certificate.  This is best facilitated if the request is hand-carried to the relevant office.  The fee for a new birth certificate, as of February 2013, is 300 birr per child.
 
−
 
−
::2. Ethiopian Passport
 
−
 
−
Your child is not yet a U.S. citizen, so s/he will need a travel document or passport from Ethiopia.  The MOWCYA prepares a request to the Office of Security, Immigration and Refugee Affairs for an Ethiopian passport for the child in his/her new name.  This request is best facilitated if it is hand-carried to the relevant office.  The fee for a new passport, as of February 2013, is 150 birr for children aged 7 and under, and 300 birr for children age 8 and above.  It can sometimes take 4-6 weeks for the passport to be issued by the Ministry of Immigration following [[certification]] of the [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]].
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''7.  Obtain a Visa and Bring Your Child Home'''
 
−
 
−
'''U.S. Immigrant Visa'''
 
−
 
−
If your Form [[I-600]] is approved, you then need to apply for a U.S. immigrant visa for your child from the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa.  This immigrant visa allows your child to travel home with you.  As part of this process, the Consular Officer must be provided the Panel Physician’s [http://adoption.state.gov/us_visa_for_your_child/health.php medical report] on the child.
 
−
 
−
 
−
You may submit your immigrant visa application and medical report when you submit the final, certified [[Adoption Decree|adoption decree]], birth certificate, and Ethiopian passport for final adjudication of your Form [[I-600]].  You can find instructions for applying for an immigrant visa on the [http://ethiopia.usembassy.gov/adoption.html adoption page] of the U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa’s website.  The U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa will contact you, and your ASP or designated representative, once the Form [[I-600]] is approved, to schedule the immigrant visa interview.
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''Visas for Other Countries'''
 
−
 
−
If the child will transit through the U.K. or [[Germany]] en route to the U.S., and will exit the airport, a German or U.K. visa will be required.  A German or U.K. visa may be obtained by applying at the respective embassies in Addis Ababa.  If the child does not exit the airport then no visa is required.
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''Child Citizenship Act'''
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''''For adoptions finalized abroad prior to the child’s entry into the United States:'''''  A child will acquire U.S. citizenship upon entry into the United States if the [[adoption]] was finalized prior to entry and the child otherwise meets the requirements of the Child Citizenship Act of 2000.
 
−
 
−
'''''For adoptions finalized after the child’s entry into the United States:'''''  An [[adoption]] will need to be completed following your child’s entry into the United States for the child to acquire U.S. citizenship.
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''''Please be aware that if your child did not qualify to become a citizen upon entry to the United States, it is very important that you take the steps necessary so that your child does qualify as soon as possible.  Failure to obtain citizenship for your child can impact many areas of his/her life including family travel, eligibility for education and education grants, and voting.'''''
 
−
 
−
 
−
Read more about the [http://travel.state.gov/content/travel/english/legal-considerations.html Child Citizenship Act of 2000]
 
  
 
=Traveling Abroad=
 
=Traveling Abroad=
  
−
'''Applying for Your U.S. Passport'''
+
To learn more please read [[Traveling Abroad in Ethiopia]]
  
−
U.S. citizens are required by law to enter and depart the United States on a valid U.S. passport. Only the U.S. Department of State has the authority to grant, issue, or verify U.S. passports. Getting or renewing a passport is easy. The [http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/passports.html Passport Application Wizard] will help you determine which passport form you need, help you to complete the form online, estimate your payment, and generate the form for you to print—all in one place.
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''Obtaining a Visa to Travel to Ethiopia'''
 
−
 
−
In addition to a U.S. passport, you may also need to obtain a visa. A visa is an official document issued by a foreign country that formally allows you to visit. Where required, visas are affixed to your passport and allow you to enter a foreign nation. To find information about obtaining a visa for Ethiopia, see the Department of State's [http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/country.html Country Specific Information].
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''Staying Safe on Your Trip'''
 
−
 
−
Before you travel, it is always a good practice to investigate the local conditions, laws, political landscape, and culture of the country.  The Department of State provides [http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/country.html Country Specific Information] for every country of the world about various issues, including the health conditions, crime, unusual currency or entry requirements, and any areas of instability.
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''Staying in Touch on Your Trip'''
 
−
 
−
When traveling during the [[adoption]] process, we encourage you to enroll with the Department of State.  Enrollment makes it possible to contact you if necessary.  Whether there is a family emergency in the United States or a crisis in Ethiopia enrollment assists the U.S. Embassy or Consulate in reaching you.
 
−
 
−
Enrollment is free and can be done online via the [https://step.state.gov/step/ Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)].
 
  
 
=After Adoption=
 
=After Adoption=
  
−
'''Post-[[Adoption]]/Post-Placement Reporting Requirements'''
+
To learn more about post [[adoption]] requirements and resources please read [[After Adoption in Ethiopia]].
−
+
−
Pursuant to Ethiopian law, [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] must submit post [[adoption]] reports at three months, six months, and one year.  After the first year, the reports must be filed yearly until the child turns 18.  This is a commitment that the adopting parents, [[Home Study|home study]] agency, and [[Adoption Agency|adoption agency]] must sign when submitting documents for the [[adoption]].  We strongly urge you to comply with Ethiopia’s post-[[adoption]] requirements in a timely manner.  Your [[Adoption Agency|adoption agency]] may be able to help you with this process.  Your cooperation will contribute to that country’s positive experiences with U.S. citizen parents.
+
−
 
+
−
'''Post-[[Adoption]] Resources'''
+
−
+
−
Many [[Adoptive Parents|adoptive parents]] find it important to find support after the [[adoption]].  There are many public and private nonprofit post-[[adoption]] services available for children and their families. There are also numerous adoptive family support groups and [[adoptee]] organizations active in the United States that provide a network of options for adoptees who seek out other adoptees from the same country of origin.  Take advantage of all the resources available to your family, whether it is another adoptive family, a support group, an advocacy organization, or your religious or community services.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
Here are some places to start your support group search:
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
[http://www.nacac.org/ North American Council on Adoptable Children]
+
−
+
−
[http://www.nacac.org/ North American Council on Adoptable Children North American Council on Adoptable Children]
+
−
+
−
 
+
−
'''NOTE:'''  Inclusion of non-U.S. government links does not imply endorsement of contents.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
If families have concerns about their [[adoption]], we ask that they share this information with the Embassy, particularly if it involves possible fraud or misconduct specific to your child's case.  The Embassy takes all allegations of fraud or misconduct seriously.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
The best way to contact the Embassy is by email at ConsAdoptionAddis@state.gov.  Please include your name, your child's name, your [[Adoption Agency|adoption agency]], the date of the [[adoption]] (month and year), and, if possible, the immigrant visa case number for your child's case (this number begins with the letters [[ADD]] followed several numbers and can be found on any document sent to you by the National Visa Center).  Please let us know if we have your permission to share concerns about your specific case with Ethiopian government officials.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
We strongly encourage you to register any complaint that you may have about an [[Adoption Agency|adoption agency]] in the following ways:
+
−
 
+
−
:::1. You may file a complaint with the state licensing authority where your [[Adoption Agency|adoption agency]] is licensed and conducts business.  The [https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/reslist/rl_dsp.cfm?rs_id=15&rate_chno=AZ-0008E Child Welfare Information Gateway], which is maintained by the Department of Health and Human Services, provides a list of state licensing authorities.
+
−
 
+
−
:::2. You may also file a report with the state's Better Business Bureau through their website.
+
−
 
+
−
:::3. If your agency is a Hague-accredited [[Adoption Service Provider|adoption service provider]], you are encouraged to file a complaint through the [http://adoption.state.gov/hague_convention/agency_accreditation/complaints.php Hague Complaint Registry].  This information will be used by the accrediting entities to evaluate the agency in connection with the renewal of its accreditation status.
+
  
  
 
==SOURCE==
 
==SOURCE==
  
−
'''Intercountry [[Adoption]], Bureau of Consular Affairs.  U.S. Department of State Country Information'''[http://adoption.state.gov/country_information/country_specific_info.php?country-select=ethiopia]
+
'''Intercountry [[Adoption]], Bureau of Consular Affairs.  U.S. Department of State Country Information''' adoption.state.gov/country_information/country_specific_info.php?country-select=ethiopia
  
 
[[Category: International Adoption]]
 
[[Category: International Adoption]]

Latest revision as of 04:35, 18 February 2018

The official flag.
Source: cia.gov.

Map.
Source: cia.gov.

Map.
Source: cia.gov.

The Semien Mountains.
Source: Wikipedia.org.

The Bete Giyorgis (Church of St. George), Lalibela, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Source: Wikipedia.org.

Local women in Turmi.
Source: flickr.com.

A mosque and tuk tuk in Dire Dawa, .
Source: Wikipedia.org.

Crowds gather at the Fasiladas' bath in Gondar, , to celebrate Timket.
Source: Wikipedia.org.

Ethiopian farmers children in the fields near Guzara Castle, Gondar region.
Source: flickr.com.

Bete Giyorgis (Church of St. George), Lalibela.
Source: wikiedia.org.


Notice: As of July 14, 2014, all individuals and agencies facilitating international adoptions must be in compliance with the Intercountry Universal Accreditation Act.

The information contained on this website is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional legal advice. Always seek the advice of a licensed and qualified professional. While the content of this website is frequently updated, information changes rapidly and therefore, some information may be out of date, and/or contain inaccuracies, omissions or typographical errors.


About Ethiopia

Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936-41. To learn more please read About Ethiopia (The Country). To learn about the Ethiopian anthem and its history, please read Ethiopian National Anthem. To learn more about Ethiopian facts please read Ethiopia Travel Fact Sheet.


Ethiopia Adoption Alert

There are multiple adoption alerts for Ethiopia. To learn more about these alerts please read Ethiopia Adoption Alert.


Ethiopian Adoption Background

In recent years, Ethiopia has become a popular country for international adoption. Between 1999 and 2013, Americans have adopted 14,084 children from Ethiopia. Beginning in March 2010, however, adoption numbers dropped off significantly as Ethiopia placed greater restrictions on adoption by foreigners. To learn more, please read Ethiopian Adoption Background.


Hague Convention Information

Ethiopia is not party to the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption(Hague Adoption Convention). To learn more, please read about Ethiopia and the Hague Convention.


Who Can Adopt

In addition to U.S. immigration requirements, you must meet multiple requirements in order to adopt a child from Ethiopia. To learn about these requirements please read Who Can Adopt from Ethiopia.


Who Can Be Adopted

In addition to U.S. immigration requirements, Ethiopia has specific requirements that a child must meet in order to be eligible for adoption. To learn more please read Who Can Be Adopted from Ethiopia.


How to Adopt

The process for adopting a child from Ethiopia generally includes the following steps:

  1. Choose an adoption service provider
  2. Apply to be found eligible to adopt
  3. Be matched with a child
  4. File the Form I-600 with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to initiate the Pre-Adoption Immigration Review prior to filing an adoption case with the courts
  5. Adopt the child in Ethiopia
  6. Receive final approval of Form I-600
  7. Obtain a Visa and bring your child home

To learn more about this process please read How to Adopt from Ethiopia.


Traveling Abroad

To learn more please read Traveling Abroad in Ethiopia


After Adoption

To learn more about post adoption requirements and resources please read After Adoption in Ethiopia.


SOURCE

Intercountry Adoption, Bureau of Consular Affairs. U.S. Department of State Country Information adoption.state.gov/country_information/country_specific_info.php?country-select=ethiopia